RESUMO O quero-quero, Vanellus chilensis é uma ave vista com frequência no Brasil. Apesar de ser uma espécie amplamente distribuída em todos os biomas brasileiros, incluindo algumas partes da Amazônia bresileira, somente a partir de 2000 começou a ser observado no Estado do Acre. Neste trabalho relatamos a presença de parasitas intestinais em indivíduos de V. chilensis capturados na Reserva Extrativista Cazumbá-Iracema, no Acre, por meio de análise coproparasitológica. Dos nove indivíduos com amostras coletadas, sete estavam parasitados. Foram encontradas larvas de Strongyloides sp. (28,5%), ovos de Ascaridia sp. (28,5%), ovos de Ancylostoma sp. (14,2%) e ovos de Choanotaenia sp. (42,8%). Estes parasitos são registrados pela primeira vez parasitando V. chilensis no Brasil. As aves parasitadas podem atuar como reservatórios e foram registradas em área de peridomicílio, o que pode facilitar o contato com aves domésticas.

ABSTRACT The southern lapwing, Vanellus chilensis, is a bird frequently seen in most of Brazil. Although it is widely distributed in other Brazilian biomes, including some parts of the Brazilian Amazon, it has only been recorded in the western Amazonian state of Acre since 2000. We report the presence of intestinal parasites in individuals of V. chilensis from the Cazumbá-Iracema Extractive Reserve in Acre through a coproparasitological analysis. Seven of the nine sampled individuals were parasitized. We observed larvae of Strongyloides sp. (28.5% of the samples), and eggs of Ascaridia sp. (28.5%), Ancylostoma sp. (14.2%), and Choanotaenia sp. (42.8%). These parasites are reported for the first time parasitizing V. chilensis in Brazil. The parasitized birds may act as reservoirs and were recorded in a peridomicile area, which may facilitate their contact with domestic birds.

Resumen Presentamos nuevos aspectos de la biología reproductiva de la Yerutí Colorada Leptotila rufaxilla, de cinco nidos encontrados entre 2012 y 2014 en un fragmento de bosque de tierras bajas en el suroeste de Brasil. Los nidos con forma simple / plataforma se construyeron a una altura media de 1.90 m sobre el suelo. El tamaño de la puesta fue de dos huevos blancos y elípticos, incubados durante 15 días (basado en tres nidos). Registramos depredación en dos nidos aún en fase de incubación. El peso mínimo al nacer de los pichones fue de 10 g y los polluelos dejaron el nido con una masa media de 56 g. La tasa de crecimiento constante (K) de los pichones fue de 0.40 con una asíntota de crecimiento de 60.7 g. La tasa de supervivencia diaria, Mayfield y el éxito aparente de anidación en el período de incubación fue de 90, 20 y 56%, respectivamente, mientras que en el período de cría fueron todos de 100%. Nuestros datos y el aporte de la ciencia ciudadana mostraron que L. rufaxilla se reproduce durante el año, principalmente en la época de lluvias, tanto en el suroeste de la Amazonia como en otras regiones de ocurrencia.

Abstract We present new aspects of breeding biology of Gray-fronted Dove Leptotila rufaxilla, from five nests found between 2012 and 2014 in a lowland forest fragment in southwestern Brazil. The nests simple/platform shape were built at a mean height of 1.90 m above ground. The clutch size was two eggs white and elliptic, incubated for 15 days (based on three nests). We recorded predation in two nests still in incubation phase. Minimum hatch weight of nestlings was 10 g and young fledged with a mean mass of 56 g. The constant growth rate (K) of nestlings was 0.40 with a growth asymptote of 60.7 g. Daily survival rate, Mayfield and apparent nesting success in the incubation period was 90, 20 and 56%, respectively, while in the nestling period were all 100%. Our data and the contribution of citizen science showed that L. rufaxilla breeds over the year, mainly in the rainy season, both in southwestern Amazonia and in other regions of occurrence.

Resumen Reportamos los primeros datos sobre la anidación y desarrollo de Dendroplex picus peruvianus en un fragmento de bosque en el suroeste de la Amazonia. Observamos y capturamos esta especie entre 1999 y 2019. Encontramos dos nidos activos en 2012 y 2013, pero monitoreamos solo uno. El tamaño de la camada fue de dos huevos incubados durante 16 días. La tasa de crecimiento constante (K) de los polluelos fue de 0.31 con una asíntota de crecimiento de 46.3 g. Registramos una longevidad mínima de ocho años. Nuestros datos mostraron que D. p. peruvianus se reproduce principalmente en la temporada de lluvias (septiembre-marzo) superponiéndose con el periodo de cambio de pluma.

Abstract We reported the first data on the breeding and growth in Dendroplex picus peru-vianus from a forest fragment in southwestern Amazonia. We observed and netted this species between 1999 and 2019. We found two active nests in 2012 and 2013, but we monitored only one. Clutch size was two eggs, incubated for 16 days. Theconstant growth rate (K) of nestlings was 0.31 with a growth asymptote of 46.3 g. We recorded a longest minimum longevity of eight years. Our records showed that D. p. peruvianus breeds mainly in the rainy season (September-March) overlapping with the molt period.

Resumen Nuestro estudio proporciona información sobre la reproducción y la biometría del bienteveo alicastaño Myiozetetes cayanensis en el suroeste de la Amazonia brasileña. M. cayanensis se distribuye desde América Central hasta el norte de América del Sur. Realizamos observaciones sobre la reproducción y captura de esta especie en un fragmento de bosque de tierra firme en el estado de Acre, entre 1999 y 2020 y evaluamos la época de reproducción en Brasil mediante datos de ciencia ciudadana. Monitoreamos nueve nidos entre 2012 y 2020, construidos a una altura promedio de 1.8 m sobre el suelo. El tamaño de la puesta fue de dos, tres o cuatro huevos, incubados durante 15 días. Monitoreamos el desarrollo de seis polluelos: el peso mínimo al nacer fue de 2 g y los polluelos con una masa media de ca. 25.5 g. La tasa de crecimiento constante (K) de los polluelos fue de 0.18 con una asíntota de crecimiento de 22.8 g. La tasa de supervivencia diaria fue del 90% y 100% durante los períodos de incubación y cría, respectivamente. El éxito de Mayfield en los períodos de incubación y cría fue de 20 y 100%, respectivamente. El éxito aparente de anidación en los períodos de incubación y polluelo fue de 46 y 100%, respectivamente. Registramos una longevidad mínima de 2 años, nueve meses y 26 días. La subespecie M. c. cayanensis comienzan a anidar principalmente entre la estación seca y lluviosa en Brasil, superponiéndose con el período de muda en el suroeste de la Amazonia.

Abstract Our study provides information on the breeding and biometrics of Rusty-Margined Flycatcher Myiozetetes cayanensis in southwest Brazilian Amazonia. M. cayanensis is distributed from Central America until north of South America. We made observations on reproduction and captures of this species in a terra firme forest fragment in the state of Acre, between 1999 and 2020 and we evaluated the breeding season in Brazil through citizen science data. We monitored nine nests between 2012 and 2020, built at a mean height of 1.8 m above ground. Clutch size was two, three or four eggs, incubated for 15 days. We monitored the development of six nestlings: minimum hatch weight was 2 g and young fledged with a mean mass of ca. 25.5 g. The constant growth rate (K) of nestlings was 0.18 with a growth asymptote of 22.8 g. Daily survival rate was 90% and 100% during the incubation and nestling periods, respectively. The Mayfield success in the incubation and nestling periods was 20 and 100%, respectively. Apparent nesting success in the incubation and nestling periods was 46 and 100%, respectively. We recorded a minimum longevity of 2 years, nine months and 26 days. The subspecies M. c. cayanensis start to nest mainly between the dry and rainy season in Brazil, overlapping with the molt period in southwest Amazonia.

RESUMO As comunidades naturais são sistemas dinâmicos no tempo e no espaço. A distribuição espacial de plantas e animais coincide com a disponibilidade dos recursos necessários para a sobrevivência e reprodução de cada espécie. Clareiras naturais oferecem vários recursos que influenciam a distribuição de aves na floresta. Comparamos a assembleia de aves de sub-bosque de clareiras naturais (15 clareiras) com a encontrada na floresta adjacente (15 pontos) na Reserva Florestal Humaitá, no sudoeste da Amazônia brasileira. Amostramos aves com redes de neblina e contabilizamos 700 capturas de 105 espécies. A riqueza de espécies, o número de indivíduos e a composição de espécies foram semelhantes entre clareiras e floresta, mas seis espécies foram mais associadas com as clareiras e nove com a floresta. Os nectarívoros preferiram significativamente clareiras à floresta, enquanto os insetívoros e frugívoros se distribuíram igualmente entre clareiras e floresta. A altura e a densidade da vegetação variaram significativamente entre clareiras e floresta e influenciaram a distribuição das espécies nos dois ambientes. A disponibilidade de frutos foi correlacionada positivamente com a abundância de frugívoros nas clareiras. Em geral, 33,3% das aves associadas às clareiras são espécies de sub-dossel e as demais de sub-bosque. Mostramos que o uso de clareiras pelas aves em uma paisagem fragmentada da Amazônia contribui para a heterogeneidade ambiental e a dinâmica de sucessão após eventos naturais de perturbação do habitat.

ABSTRACT Natural communities are dynamic systems in time and space. The spatial distribution of plants and animals tends to coincide with the availability of resources needed for the survival and reproduction of each species. Natural treefall gaps offer a number of resources that influence the distribution of birds within the forest. We compared the understory bird assemblages of natural treefall gaps (15 sampling points) with those found in the adjacent forest (15 points) in the Humaitá Forest Reserve in southwestern Brazilian Amazonia. We used mist-nets to sample birds and obtained 700 captures of 105 species. Species richness, number of individuals, and species composition were all similar between gaps and forest, although six species presented some degree of association with the gaps, and nine with the forest. Nectarivores preferred gaps significantly over forest, whereas insectivores and frugivores were distributed equally between gaps and forest. Vegetation height and density differed between gaps and forest, and influenced the distribution of bird species in the two environments. Fruit availability was positively correlated with frugivore abundance in gaps. Overall, 33.3% of the birds associated with the treefall gaps are from lower forest canopy, while the others are understory species. We showed that the use of natural gaps by birds in a fragmented landscape of the Amazon forest contributes to the environmental heterogeneity and succession dynamics following natural events of habitat disturbance.

ABSTRACT Although Brazil has one of the highest scorpion diversities worldwide, the scorpion fauna of the Amazon region remains relatively poorly described. In this study, we updated the list of scorpion species from the state of Acre, in the southwestern Brazilian Amazon, based on a revision of records contained in Brazilian arachnid collections and a survey of the relevant literature. We recorded the occurrence of seven scorpion species belonging to two families (Buthidae and Chactidae) among which we report three new records (Ananteris sp., Tityus (Tityus) gasci, and Chactopsis cf. insignis) for Acre. The results presented herein make an important contribution to the knowledge on scorpion diversity in the Amazonian forests of Acre.

RESUMEN Aunque Brasil tiene una de las diversidades de escorpiones más altas del mundo, la fauna de escorpiones de la región amazónica sigue siendo relativamente poco descrita. En este estudio, actualizamos la lista de especies de escorpiones para el estado de Acre, en el suroeste de la Amazonía brasileña, en base a una revisión de los registros contenidos en colecciones de arácnidos brasileños y un estudio de la literatura relevante. Registramos la ocurrencia de siete especies de escorpiones pertenecientes a dos familias (Buthidae y Chactidae), entre las cuales informamos tres nuevos registros (Ananteris sp., Tityus (Tityus) gasci y Chactopsis cf. insignis) para Acre. Los resultados presentados aquí hacen una contribución importante al conocimiento acerca de la diversidad de escorpiones en los bosques amazónicos de Acre.

Abstract Birds are the best-known vertebrate group, although many localities in the world are considered to be knowledge gaps. This is the case of many little-known environments in the Amazon biome, the world’s largest tropical forest. Here, we present a survey of birds in the upper Purus basin, comprising the municipalities of Manoel Urbano and Feijó in the Brazilian state of Acre, and Boca do Acre and Pauini in the state of Amazonas. In this region, poorly-studied habitats, such as open rainforest dominated by palms or bamboo, still predominate. We recorded 452 bird species during 45 field trips between May and July in 2016, and June to August in 2017. Twenty-four of these species are associated with bamboo habitat, 28 are endemic to the southwestern Amazon basin, and seven are threatened with extinction. This high diversity is typical of the western Amazon basin, one of the richest regions in the world in the number of species, due to the heterogeneity of the local environments. The data presented here highlight the importance of the region for the conservation of birds, including species typical of the western Amazon, some of which are still poorly-known.

Abstract The Solimões Formation is a southwest geological unit of the Brazilian Amazon, being well-known for the Cenozoic giant eusuchian fossils. Among the eight species of Crocodylia described for this formation, the alligatoroid Purussaurus brasiliensis is the best known worldwide due to its enormous size. The holotype was described in 1892 by Barbosa-Rodrigues, composed by a right hemimandible. Later, two other species were assigned to the genus, but the loss of the type specimen brought a series of doubts and discussions about genus and species validity. Here, we provide a historical reconstruction of the genus Purussaurus, especially with a new description of the specimen DGM 527-R, which was first described by L. I. Price. We also provide a review of Purussaurus brasiliensis as a valid species, highlighting the importance of the paleontologist Diogenes de Almeida Campos to the preservation, study availability and divulgation of the specimen. From the six mandibular features discussed, at least two are putative synapomorphies for the genus: the false ziphodont teeth and the thinning of the medial surface of the mandible posterior to the fourteen alveoli, while the lateral surface become laterally expanded from ninth alveoli to behind. The review of the other species of the genus was aggravated due to little sampling of photos and low quality of those contributions. Finally, the curatorial efforts initiated by Price and kept for decades by Campos turned possible the revision of DGM 527-R, an important specimen for understanding the paleobiology and evolution of the genus, and, consequently P. brasiliensis. Such importance was recognized here scientifically and by Campos when considered this specimen as the center-piece of the exhibition in honor of the centenary anniversary of Price.

Resumo No Brasil, espécies do gênero Ramphocelus ja foram relatadas com a presença de vários endoparasitos, sendo os coccídios os parasitos mais frequentes. Todas as espécies do gênero possuem habitats e nichos ecológicos semelhantes, facilitando a transmissão desses parasitos. O presente estudo teve como objetivo diagnosticar a presença de endoparasitos em amostras fecais de Ramphocelus carbo capturadas na Reserva Extrativista Cazumbá-Iracema (Resex do Cazumbá), localizada no estado do Acre. Os espécimes (n=30) foram capturados em redes de neblina dispostas em diferentes ecossistemas da Reserva. Após a identificação das aves, os espécimes foram colocadas em sacos de pano por no máximo 30 minutos para coleta das fezes. Das 22 amostras coletadas, 63,63% (n = 14) foram positivas para endoparasitas. Os coccídíos foram os parasitos mais frequentes. Os helmintos Ascaridiidae (Nematoda), Strongylida(Nematoda) e Davaneidae (Cestoda) foram registrados pela primeira vez em R. carbo, no estado do Acre. Strongylida e Davaneidae são registrados pela primeira vez em uma espécie pertencente a Ramphocelus. Esses achados acrescentam informações sobre a fauna parasitária de aves silvestres, pois na Amazônia existem poucos estudos nessa área.

Abstract In Brazil, species of the genus Ramphocelus with the presence of various endoparasites have already been reported. Coccidia have been the parasites most frequently found. All species of this genus have similar habitats and ecological niches, which makes parasite transmission easy. The aim of this study was to diagnose the presence of endoparasites in fecal samples from specimens of Ramphocelus carbo that were caught in the Cazumbá-Iracema Extractive Reserve (Cazumbá Resex), in the State of Acre. The specimens (n = 30) were caught in mist nets arranged in different ecosystems of the Reserve. After identification, the bird specimens were placed in cloth bags for a maximum of 30 minutes to collect feces. Among the 22 samples collected, 63.63% (n = 14) were positive for endoparasites. The coccidia were the parasites most frequently. Helminths belonging to Ascaridiidae (Nematoda), Strongylida (Nematoda) and Davaneidae (Cestoda) were recorded for the first time in R. carbo in the State of Acre. Parasites belonging to Strongylida and Davaneidae were recorded for the first time in a species of Ramphocelus. These findings add information on the parasitic fauna of wild birds, since in the Amazon region there are few studies on this subject.

The Southern Caracara (Caracara plancus) is a South American falconid that over the years has been colonizing open areas of the Southwestern Amazon. Regarding food habits, it is considered an opportunistic/generalist species. Caracara plancus has a varied diet, composed of animal protein, including carcasses. It also consumes plants, although this behavior appears less frequently in the scientific literature. Here we present a report of a Southern Caracara feeding on peach-palm fruits (Bactris gasipaes) in the rural area of Brasiléia, state of Acre, Brazil. The peach-palm tree is a common species, cultivated for obtaining heart of palm ("palmitos") and fruits for consumption and regional marketing. Besides being a new food item in the Southern Caracara diet, the observed behavior indicates that C. plancus can potentially become a plague to the regional culture of peach-palm.

El caracara carancho (Caracara plancus) es una especie de falcónido sudamericano que ha venido colonizando áreas abiertas del suroeste de la Amazonia. Presenta un hábito alimenticio considerado como oportunista/generalist; su alimentación es variada, compuesta básicamente de proteína animal; incluyendo carcasas. El Caracara carancho también consume materia vegetal; aunque este comportamiento aparezca con menos frecuencia en la literatura científica. Aquí reportamos un individuo de Caracara carancho alimentado de frutos de chontaduro (Bactris gasipaes) en la zona rural de la ciudad de Brasiléia; Estado de Acre; Brazil. El chontaduro es una especie cultivada comúnmente para la obtención de palmitos y frutos para consumo ycomercialización regional. Elpresentereporte,además de ser un nuevo item alimentario para el C. plancus, tambien sugiere que C. plancus podría convertirse en una plaga para el cultivo regional del chontaduro.

RESUMO: Os animais silvestres são hospedeiros e reservatórios de vários agentes infecciosos, muitas vezes desconhecidos para a comunidade científica, o que leva a sérias implicações na saúde dos ambientes naturais e domésticos. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo diagnosticar a ocorrência de parasitos de interesse médico e veterinário em “coleirinhos” capturados no leste do Estado do Acre, Brasil. Os espécimes foram capturados nos meses de agosto e setembro de 2017 em redes ornitológicas as margens do Rio Caeté. Para a pesquisa de ectoparasitos, as aves foram inspecionadas visualmente. Após a inspeção, o sangue foi coletado por meio de punção da veia braquial e para coletas das fezes os indivíduos foram postos em descanso em saco de pano por 30min e depois foram soltos na natureza. As fezes, quando presentes, foram coletadas e acondicionadas em recipientes de plástico estéreis. A inspeção visual dos espécimes para detectar e identificar ectoparasitos resultou negativo. Nas amostras sanguíneas foi identificado o protozoário Haemoproteus sp.. Nas fezes foram encontrados os seguintes endoparasitos: cisto de Entamoeba histolytica e E. coli, oocisto de coccídeos e ovos de Davaineidae. Coccideos foram os endoparasitos mais prevalentes (69,2%) e os mais abundantes (34,15%). Os parasitos diagnosticados neste estudo podem propiciar o aparecimento de infecções secundárias nos indivíduos de S. caerulescens ou em outros animais que venham se contaminar com esses agentes etiológicos, pois com a migração dos mesmos, por diferentes biomas da América do Sul outras espécies de animais podem se infectar com esses agentes.

ABSTRACT: Wild animals are hosts and reservoirs to many infectious agents, often unknown to the Scientific Community, which leads to serious health implications for natural and domestic environments. We conducted this research with the objective of diagnosing the occurrence of parasites of medical and veterinary interest in “coleirinhos” captured in the eastern region of the state of Acre, Brazil. We captured the specimens in August and September of 2017 using ornithological nets at the margins of Caeté river. We visually inspected the birds to evaluate the ectoparasites. Subsequently, we collected blood through a brachial vein puncture and rested the individuals in a cloth bag for 30 minutes to collect feces, after which we released them. Results of the visual inspection to detect and identify the ectoparasites were negative. Blood samples revealed the protozoan Haemoproteus sp., and the feces revealed cysts of Entamoeba histolytica and E. coli, oocysts of coccidia and eggs of Davaineidae. Coccidia was the most prevalent (69.2%) and abundant (34.15%) parasite reported. Parasites diagnosed in this study can promote the emergence of secondary infections in S. caerulescens individuals or other animals that are contaminated with these etiological agents, since, when migrating through different biomes of South America, other animal species can come into contact with these agents.

Resumen Antecedentes: En América del Sur, las aves actúan como importantes hospedadores dentro del ciclo biológico de garrapatas del género Amblyomma, que por su parte, se encuentran naturalmente infectadas con rickettsias patógenas. Aunque la diversidad de aves en esta región es alta, el conocimiento de la fauna de garrapatas asociadas es aún escaso. Objetivo: Reportar la fauna de garrapatas asociadas a aves presentes en la Amazonía, estado de Acre, Brasil, y evaluar en éstas infección por Rickettsia. Métodos: Las aves fueron capturadas con redes de niebla y examinadas en busca de garrapatas, las que a su vez fueron identificadas por medio de claves taxonómicas y métodos moleculares. Parte de estas garrapatas fueron individualmente sometidas a PCR convencional en busca de fragmentos de tres genes rickettsiales (gltA, ompA, ompB). Resultados: De un total de 1.322 aves capturadas, 79 (6,0%) se encontraron parasitadas con alguna de las siguientes especies de garrapatas: Amblyomma nodosum Neumann, 1899 (72 ninfas), Amblyomma longirostre (Koch, 1844; siete larvas, 13 ninfas), Amblyomma humerale Koch 1844 (cuatro ninfas), Amblyomma geayi Neumann, 1899 (dos larvas, dos ninfas) y 421 larvas de Amblyomma spp Rickettsia sp cepa NOD fue detectada en 3/26 A. nodosum y Rickettsia amblyommatis en 5/8 A. longirostre, así como también en 1/2 A. geayi analizadas. Conclusión: Este es el primer estudio sobre garrapatas parásitas de aves desarrollado en el estado de Acre. Además, se reportan nuevas relaciones parásito-hospedador, nuevos registros para dos especies de garrapatas (A. humerale y A. nodosum) y dos rickettsias (R. amblyommatis y Rickettsia sp cepa NOD) por primera vez en Acre.

Abstract Background: South American birds are known to play a significant role in life cycles of various hard ticks, particularly within Amblyomma genus. However, the tick fauna from the Amazon region has been poorly studied, being limited to very few studies. Objective: To report tick infestations on wild birds captured in a region of the Amazon forest, Acre state, Brazil, and to evaluate rickettsial infection in these ticks. Methods: Wild birds were captured by mist-nets and examined for the presence of ticks, which were all collected and identified to species level by taxonomic keys and/or molecular methods. In addition, part of these ticks was individually tested by PCR targeting portions of three rickettsial genes (gltA, ompA, ompB). Results: Among 1,322 captured birds, 79 individuals (6.0%) were infested by one of the following ticks species: Amblyomma nodosum Neumann, 1899 (72 nymphs), Amblyomma longirostre (Koch, 1844; seven larvae, 13 nymphs), Amblyomma humerale Koch 1844 (four nymphs), Amblyomma geayi Neumann, 1899 (two larvae, two nymphs), and 421 larvae of Amblyomma spp Rickettsia sp strain NOD was detected in 3/26 A. nodosum, and Rickettsia amblyommatis in 5/8 A. longirostre and 1/2 A. geayi ticks tested. Conclusion: This is the first study about ticks parasitizing wild birds in Acre state, adding new host-parasite relationships, new tick species records (A. humerale and A. nodosum) and two rickettsial agents (R amblyommatis and Rickettsia sp strain NOD) for the first time in Acre.

Resumo Antecedentes: Aves sul-americanas são conhecidas por desempenhar um papel significativo no ciclo de vida de várias espécies de ixodídeos, particularmente dentro do gênero Amblyomma. No entanto, a ixodofauna da região amazônica tem sido pouco estudada, sendo limitada apenas a alguns estudos. Objetivo: Relatar as infestações de carrapatos em aves silvestres capturadas na região de floresta amazônica, Acre, Brasil, e avaliar as infecções por riquétsias. Métodos: As aves silvestres foram capturadas por redes de neblina e examinadas para a presença de carrapatos, que foram coletados e identificados até espécies, utilizando chaves taxonômicas e/ou métodos moleculares. Além disso, uma parte desses carrapatos foram testados individualmente pela PCR para a pesquisa de fragmentos de três genes de riquétsias (gltA, ompA, ompB). Resultados: Entre as 1.322 aves capturadas, 79 indivíduos (6,0%) estavam infestados pelas seguintes espécies de carrapatos: Amblyomma nodosum Neumann, 1899 (72 ninfas), Amblyomma longirostre (Koch, 1844; sete larvas, 13 ninfas), Amblyomma humerale Koch 1844 (quatro ninfas), Amblyomma geayi Neumann, 1899 (duas larvas, duas ninfas) e 421 larvas de Amblyomma spp Rickettsia sp cepa NOD foi detectada em 3/26 A. nodosum e Rickettsia amblyommatis em 5/8 A. longirostre e 1/2 A. geayi dos carrapatos testados. Conclusão: Este é o primeiro estudo de carrapatos parasitando aves silvestres no estado do Acre, demostrando novas relações parasita-hospedeiro e registros inéditos de espécies de carrapatos (A. humerale e A. nodosum) e riquétsias (R. amblyommatis e Rickettsia sp strain NOD) para o Acre.

Resumo Conhecido como caracol gigante africano a espécie Lissachatina fulica é considerada uma das piores espécies invasoras do mundo. Em áreas urbanas pode causar grandes problemas econômicos e para a saúde pública por ser um potencial vetor de nematódeos de interesse médico e veterinário. Desta forma, o presente trabalho teve como objetivos averiguar a extensão da infestação do caracol exótico nos bairros da zona urbana da cidade de Rio Branco; verificar a presença de endoparasitos, bem como avaliar o conhecimento da população local em relação a presença desta espécie invasora. Para isso, foram realizadas coletas diurnas no período de agosto de 2015 a junho de 2016. Para verificar a presença de endoparasitos foram enviados 44 indivíduos vivos ao Laboratório de Referência Nacional para Esquistossomose-Malacologia (LRNEM) da Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ). A avaliação do grau de conhecimento dos moradores dos bairros infestados deu-se pela utilização de questionários com perguntas fechadas e diretas. A espécie exótica e invasora (L. fulica) foi detectada em 24 dos 36 bairros visitados. Dos 858 indivíduos coletados, 329 estavam vivos e 527 mortos. O comprimento total das conchas variou de 0,7 a 14,2 cm com uma média±desvio padrão de 4,8±2,21 cm. A densidade de indivíduos nas áreas amostradas variou do mínimo de 0,34 ao máximo de 3,54 indivíduos/m2 enquanto que a densidade média de espécimes tendo como base a área total amostrada foi de 0,54 indivíduos/m2. Somente em 2,7% (9) dos 329 espécimes dissecados foram encontrados ovos maduros. A busca por endoparasitos revelou a presença larvas rabditiformes em 84% dos espécimes investigados além dos nematódeos Aelurostrongylus abstrusus (22,7%) e Strongyluris sp. (2,2%). Ao todo foram entrevistados 39 moradores, onde verificou-se que eles têm consciência da presença do molusco mas desconhecem sua origem e a forma de manejá-lo adequadamente. Nossos resultados apontam para uma ampla infestação da espécie L. fulica na cidade de Rio Branco e constata a total ausência do poder público no que diz respeito a implementação de medidas de controle e manejo desta praga nos limites da cidade.

Abstract The giant African land snail, Lissachatina fulica is considered to be one of the world's worst invader species. This snail can provoke major economic and public health problems in urban areas, in particular as a potential vector of nematodes that infect both humans and animals. In this context, the present study investigated the extent of the infestation of this exotic snail in the urban neighborhoods of the city of Rio Branco, verified the presence of endoparasites in these snails, and evaluated the knowledge of local residents with regard to the presence of this invader species. For this, daytime surveys were conducted between August 2015 and June 2016. For the analysis of endoparasites, 44 live specimens were sent to the National Reference Laboratory for Schistosomiasis-Malacology (LRNEM) of the Oswaldo Cruz Institute (FIOCRUZ). The knowledge of local residents in the infested neighborhoods was investigated using questionnaires with direct, closed questions. The exotic invader species (L. fulica) was detected in 24 of the 36 neighborhoods visited. A total of 858 L. fulica specimens were collected, of which, 329 were alive and 527 were dead. The total length of the shell ranged from 0.7 to 14.2 cm, with a mean±standard deviation of 4.8±2.21 cm. The density of snails in the areas surveyed varied from 0.34 individuals/m2 to 3.54 individuals/m2, while the mean density within the whole study area was estimated to be 0.54 individuals/m2. Mature eggs were found in only 9 (2.7%) of the 329 specimens dissected. The endoparasitological analysis revealed the presence of rhabditiform larvae in 84% of the specimens examined, as well as the nematodes Aelurostrongylus abstrusus (22.7% of the specimens) and Strongyluris sp. (2.2%). A total of 39 local residents were interviewed, and while all were conscious of the presence of the mollusk, none knew its origin or the most adequate way of dealing with it. The results of the study indicate an ample infestation of the city of Rio Branco by L. fulica, and confirmed a complete lack of intervention on the part of the local authorities for the implementation of measures foe the control and management of this pest within the urban zone of Rio Branco.

RESUMO Este estudo refere-se a um caso bem sucedido de reprodução de Megascops choliba no leste do estado do Acre. Um ninho ativo de M. choliba foi acompanhado desde a eclosão até o abandono dos filhotes. A partir da eclosão, os filhotes foram pesados a cada dois dias. O tempo de permanência dos filhotes no ninho foi de 30 dias. O ganho de peso dos filhotes seguiu o padrão encontrado em outros estudos com aves, ou seja, um rápido aumento de peso nos primeiros 15 dias e uma redução drástica da taxa média de crescimento na segunda metade do período de desenvolvimento. Nossas observações indicam que o período reprodutivo de M. choliba no sudoeste amazônico deve ser o mesmo relatado para a espécie no hemisfério norte. Os dados apresentados aqui são inéditos para a região e contribuem para o entendimento da biologia reprodutiva desta espécie ao longo de sua distribuição geográfica.

ABSTRACT This study reports a successful reproductive event in Megascops choliba in eastern Acre, northern Brazil. An active M. choliba nest was monitored from the hatching of the eggs to the departure of the nestlings. Once hatched, the nestlings were weighed every two days to verify their weight gain over time. The nestlings remained in the nest for 30 days. The pattern of weight gain was similar to that found in other birds, presenting a rapid increase over the first 15 days, followed by a drastic reduction in the mean growth rate during the second half of the development period. Our observations indicate that the breeding season of M. choliba in southwestern Amazonia is similar as that reported for the species in the northern hemisphere. These are the first data on this species from this region, and contribute to the understanding of its reproductive biology within its geographic range.

ABSTRACT Southwestern Amazonia has great bird diversity which includes birds specialized in bamboo forests. In this region, bamboo is considered a key element of the landscape. The objective of this study was to investigate and describe the foraging behavior of the Large-headed Flatbill, Ramphotrigon megacephalum (Swainson, 1835) and the Dusky-tailed Flatbill, Ramphotrigon fuscicauda Chapman, 1925, which occur sympatrically in the region and are considered bamboo specialists. This study was conducted between November 2013 and September 2014, within two fragments in the eastern portion of the state of Acre: Fazenda Experimental Catuaba, in the municipality of Senador Guiomard; and Reserva Florestal Humaitá, in Porto Acre. A total of 109 and 97 foraging events were registered, for the Large-headed Flatbill and the Dusky-tailed Flatbill, respectively. The two species frequently used bamboos for searching and capturing their prey. However, the large-headed Flatbill was more specialized in bamboo substrates. Both species use similar foraging techniques and the differences found between the two are minor, but when taken together, these differences may explain their ability to co-exist.